Q5 Excess zinc carbonate is added to hydrochloric acid in the preparation of zinc chloride salt. (i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction.
(ii) Why excess zinc carbonate is used?
(iii) Briefly explain how the zinc chloride crystals can be obtained.
Answer
i) ZnCO3(S) + 2HCl(aq) ---> ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(L) + CO2(g)
ionic equation: ZnCO3(s) + 2H(+)(aq)---> Zn(2+)(aq) H2O(L) +CO2(g)
ii) to ensure that the hydrochloric acid is completely reacted.
iii) After the hydrochloric acid is comepletely reacted, filter the excess zinc carbonate, heat the filtrate till little amount is left for crystalization and lastly let it cool down and crystals will be form.

Q4 Sulfuric acid is titrated with potassium hydroxide in the preparation of potassium sulfate salt.
  (i) Explain why this method is recommended for the preparation for this salt. 
(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction.
Answers
i) It is a group(I) salt and it is soluble.
ii) H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq)----> k2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(L)
  Ionic equation:   2H(+) (aq) + 2OH(-) (aq) ---> 2H2O(L)

Q3 An unknown green solution is heated with a piece of aluminium foil and sodium hydroxide solution.
  (i) The gas produced turns damp red litmus paper blue. Name the gas evolved.
 (ii) This is a confirmatory test for an anion. Name this anion.
(iii) Give a possible cation which gives the green solution.
Answers
i) ammonia
ii)Nitrate
iii)iron(III)

Q2 Ammonium sulfate is heated with sodium hydroxide.
 (i) Write a chemical equation (include state symbols) for the reaction.
 (ii) Describe a test for the gas.
answers
i)(NH4)2SO4 (aq) + 2NaOH(aq)---> Na2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)+2NH3(g)
ii)Place a piece of damp red litmus paper above the reacting solutions

Q1 Zinc nitrate reacts with aqueous ammonia (NH4OH) to form a salt and a base.
  (i) Name the salt and the base.
 (ii) Describe the observations for the reaction.
(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction (include state symbols).
(iv) Write an ionic equation for the reaction.
Answers 
I) the salt is ammonium nitrate and the base is zinc hydroxide
ii) white solution is form when they are mixed together.
iii)ZnNO3(aq) +NH4OH(aq)-->ZnOH(s)+NH4NO3(aq)
iv)Zn+(aq) + OH-(aq)-->ZnOH(s)

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agnes(14)
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grace(4)
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me and my buddy, kana:)

SECTION PHOTO~:)

5. Sodium is a metal and sulfur is a non-metal....why we classify them this way??

Group (I),(II),(III) excluding boron are metals. Group (IV),(VI),(VII),(VIII) or group 0 including boron are non-metals.Metals lose electrons and Non-metals gain electrons to complete and stablise the valence shell. therefore sodium are classify under metal as it falls under group(I) and sulfur is a non-metal as it falls under group (VI). Sulfur (2.8.2) is a non-metal as it will gain 2 electrons to complete the valency shell( to make it stable), sodium (2.8.1) is a metal as it will lose 1 electron to complete the valency shell(to make it stable).

3. Draw the atomic structure of a sulfur atom and a sulfide ion....explain why you draw it this way

An atom do not have charge and its outer most electron shell is not a full shell.
An ion is form when an atom gain or lose electron and form a full shell. ions have charges and can be classify under positive or negative ion. when it gives away electrons, it is a positive ion but when it gain electron, it is a negative charge. therefore, sulfur atom are drawn without charge and sulfide ion are drawn with a negative charge as it gain 2 electron.

Source: picture from Lim Jie En of 3E5

2. Draw the atomic structure of a sodium atom and a sodium ion....explain why you draw it this way.


An atom do not have charge and its outer most electron shell is not a full shell.
An ion is form when an atom gain or lose electron and form a full shell. ions have charges and can be classify under positive or negative ion. when it gives away electrons, it is a positive ion but when it gain electron, it is a negative charge. therefore, sodium atom are drawn without charge and sodium ion are drawn with a positve charge as it give away 1 electron.

Source: picture from Lim Jie En of 3E5

4. Chlorine-35 atom and Chlorine-37 atom are called isotopes...Use these two examples to explain what is 'isotopes'

isotopes are differents atom of the same elements with the same amount of protons but differents amount of neutrons. Clorine-35 has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Clorine-37 has 17 protons and 20 neutrons. in conclusion, they have the same number of protons (17) but different number of neutrons (clorine 35-18, clorine 37- 20)  this show that they are isotopes.

Source:---

1. What does an atom looks like? What are the sub-atomic particles inside it.....(talk about electrons, neutrons, protons, electron shells, nucleus....)

An atom is made up of 3 types of particles. they the protons, neutrons and electrons.These particles have different properties.  Electrons are tiny, very light particles that have a negative electrical charge (-). Protons are much larger and heavier than electrons and have the opposite charge, protons have a positive charge. Neutrons are large and heavy like protons, however neutrons have no electrical charge. Each atom is made up of a combination of these particles. 


Source:http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/3-atoms.htm